Words Starting With "T"
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Thiodiglycol
2,2'-Thiodiglycol is a compound that has been used in the production of polyurethane plastics and rubber. It contains a sulfur-hydrogen single bond between the two glycol units
Thiodiphenylamine
Thiodiphenylamine is a synthetic chemical compound, an amine derivative. It is an aromatic amine containing thio and phenyl groups. <br><br>Chemically, thiodiphenylamine is represented by the molecular formula C12H11NS. This indicates that it is a relatively small molecule composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), and nitrogen (N) atoms.
Thioester
A thioester is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbonyl group (CO) linked to a sulfur atom, with an alkyl or aryl group attached to the sulfur.
Thioflavin
Thioflavin is a class of fluorescent dyes used to detect amyloid plaques in the brain, which are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.<br><br>Thioflavin T (also known as Thioflavin S) and Thioflavin S are two commonly used thioflavins that bind to amyloid fibrils, emitting a fluorescent signal that can be detected by various techniques, such as fluorescence microscopy or spectroscopy. This property makes them useful tools for research and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.<br><br>Thioflavins can also be used to track protein aggregation in other conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes, and have potential applications in the development of imaging agents for early detection and monitoring of these diseases.
Thioglycolate
Thioglycolate refers to a chemical compound that contains a thioglycol radical. Thioglycolates are sulfur derivatives of glycolic acid, and they are commonly used as:<br><br>1. Reduced thiolcumoundages to dissolve hair, making it possible to weave or braid treated hair into hard, untouched styles.<br>2. Preservatives in foods, particularly in acidic products such as jams and marmalades.<br>3. Textile agents to dissolve crusts and scurf in sheep's wool.<br>4. Algicides to kill algae, bacteria and viruses in water and other environments.
Thioglycolic
Thioglycolic acid is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula HSCH2COOH. It is a colorless, oily liquid. The acid is used for the reduction of silver and gold photographies in photo processing, and as an additive to wet shaving soaps or shaving creams.
Thioglycollate
A dissociating agent and in forensic science, a chemical reagent used to break down tissue, that is often used in post-mortem examinations and in forensic analysis of hair.
Thioglycoside
A thioglycoside is a type of glycoside that includes a sulfur atom (thio) between the glycone and aglycone parts of the molecule. This differentiates it from other types of glycosides, such as acetals, which include an oxygen atom instead.
Thioglycosides
Thioglycosides are a class of compounds that contain a glycosidic bond between a carbohydrate molecule and a sulfur atom. They are generally formed by the displacement of a leaving group, often a hydroxide or phosphate group, and the introduction of a thiol (R-SH) or thioether (R-S-R') group.<br><br>Thioglycosides are biologically important compounds that play a role in various physiological processes, such as cell-cell communication, signaling, and the regulation of metabolism. They are also used in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and synthesis of new compounds with desirable properties.<br><br>Thioglycosides are widely found in nature and can be isolated from various sources, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. They exhibit a range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer activities, making them potential candidates for the development of new drugs.<br><br>Examples of thioglycosides include cholesterol, which is a critical component of cell membranes and plays a role in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, and nuclease-resistant oligonucleotides, which are used in gene therapy.
Thioguanine
Thioguanine (TG) is a chemotherapy medication. It is a type of purine analogue, and works by interfering with the growth of cancer cells.
Thiokol
Thiokol is an American chemical company that was acquired by Morton International in 1959 and now operates as a division of Morton International, which was itself acquired by Chemtura Corporation in 2004, and is now part of IFF (International Flavors & Fragrances). <br><br>However, the term "thiokol" is often more famous for being a prefix used to describe a type of rocket propellant or fuel. <br><br>Thiokol was the name of a rocket motor produced by Thiokol Chemical Corporation (the precursor company) that was used in the Saturn V rocket stages for the Apollo missions. <br><br>In 2006, IFF divested the Thiokol Performance Polymers division to Infinity Materials, Inc. In 2007 the former was sold to Lanxess Ag.
Thiol
A chemical compound containing a thiol group, a functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom with a bond. Thiols are similar to alcohols but replace the oxygen atom with a sulfur atom, often with distinctive smells and properties.
Thiolase
A thiolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of certain organic compounds, particularly those containing thioacetic acid, a carboxylic acid with a thio group. Thiolases are also essential in fatty acid metabolism, as they facilitate the transfer of acyl groups from CoA to acyl-CoA synthetase, and participate in the synthesis and breakdown of certain amino acids and steroids. They are often used in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries for the production of various biological materials and compounds.
Thiolate
In chemistry, a thiolate is the conjugate base of a thiol, a type of organic compound that contains a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. The thiolate ion has the formula RSH-, where R is an organic group.<br><br>In simpler terms, a thiolate is a compound that is similar to an alcohol (with the prefix "thio-" indicating that it contains sulfur instead of oxygen). Thiolates are often referred to as "mercaptides."<br><br>Thiolates are found in many natural and synthetic compounds, and are known for their strong oxidation-reduction (redox) properties. They are commonly used as intermediates in various chemical reactions, particularly in the production of polymers and pharmaceuticals.<br><br>In biology, thiolates play a crucial role in many biological processes, including the synthesis of cofactors and the functioning of enzymes. They also have been implicated in the aggregation of amyloid proteins in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Thiolated
An organosulfur compound that contains a sulfur-hydrogen bond, typically denoted by the suffix "-thiol" instead of the expected "-mercaptan". Thiolated substances are often highly reactive and can be unstable. For example, hydrogen sulfide is a thiolated gas.
Thiolates
A thiolate is a compound in which a thiol group (a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, denoted as -SH) is bonded to a metal atom.
Thiolic
Thiolic refers to something that contains a thiol group, which is a functional group containing a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Thiols
Thiols are a type of compound that contain a sulfhydryl group (-SH), a functional group that contains a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, where both sulfur and hydrogen atoms are in the same valence shell. They are also known as mercaptans.<br><br>Thiols are similar to alcohols in that they have a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group, but the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group.<br><br>Thiols are often used as the starting materials for the synthesis of other compounds, such as disulfides and thioesters. They are also used in various industrial applications, such as in the production of rubber, dyes, and plastics.<br><br>Some common examples of thiols include:<br><br> Methanethiol (CH3SH)<br> Ethanol (C2H5SH)<br> Propanethiol (C3H7SH)<br><br>Thiols are also an important part of many natural compounds, including proteins, which they form disulfide bonds to help stabilize their structures.
Thiolysis
Thiolysis is a chemical reaction in which a thioester is cleaved to form a thiol compound and a carboxylic acid or its derivative.
Thiomalate
Thiomalate is a compound containing the ion S2− (sulfide) coordinated to a carboxymethyl group, -(CH2COO-). It is used in medical research and in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Thiomersal
Thiomersal is a mercury-containing organomercurial compound that has been used as a preservative in vaccines and other medical devices. It is also known as thimerosal. The substance is 49.6% ethylmercury by weight and is used at a concentration of 0.01% (1 part per 10,000) to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.<br><br>Thiomersal has been the subject of controversy and debate regarding its potential safety, particularly in relation to its mercury content. Some studies suggest that exposure to thiomersal in vaccines may be associated with an increased risk of autism and other neurodevelopmental problems, although these findings have not been consistently replicated and the majority of the scientific community has deemed the evidence to be inconclusive.<br><br>However, other scientific organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), have stated that the evidence does not support a link between thiomersal and an increased risk of autism or other neurodevelopmental problems. The mercury-containing preservative is still used in some vaccines, although manufacturers have reduced its use or replaced it with alternative preservatives in many products.<br><br>In 2013, the country of Denmark announced that it would introduce a thiomersal-free vaccine program for its population.
Thionamide
Thionamide refers to a class of organic compounds that contain a thiono group (-CS) in their molecular structure. They are derivative compounds of heterocyclic compounds, which contain sulfur in place of an oxygen atom. Thionamides are used in various fields including medicine, specifically as anti-diabetic medications, and in the production of pesticides and herbicides.
Thionaphthene
Thionaphthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that consists of a fused ring of five benzene rings. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor similar to that of naphthalene. Thionaphthene, also known as thionaphthene, 2,3-dihaphtho[2,1-b]thiophene, is formed by the Sulfur courier reaction, with sulfurization of naphthalene.
Thionates
Thionates are organic compounds that contain the thionato functional group, -S(O2)NH. They are esters of sulfuric acid and a primary amine.
Thionine
Thionine is a chemical compound with the formula C15H16N4S2·2HCl or C15H18N4S2·H2O (the product can contain anhydrous as well as hydrated forms). It is a red crystalline powder. It is a member of the category of molecules known as azines and is not a sulfonated benzidine. Thionine is a dye used for staining cells.
Thionoline
Thionine is a chemical compound that is a crystalline, violet spirolaterally dehydrated dimeric form of thionin, an organic compound found in various plant cell tannin extracts.
Thionyl
Thionyl refers to a compound containing the chemical group S(O)2, which is composed of a sulfur atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to another oxygen atom.
Thiopental
Thiopental is a barbiturate that is used as a medication for the induction of anesthesia or sedation. It is a rapid-acting drug that causes falling asleep (hypnosis) and unconsciousness within a minute or two. This effect is known as "barbiturate effect".
Thiophanate-methyl
Thiophanate-methyl is a chemical compound used as a fungicide. It is a systemic fungicide, meaning it is taken up by the plant and can be found in all parts of the plant, rather than just on the surface.<br><br>Thiophanate-methyl works by inhibiting the growth of fungi by disrupting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This ultimately leads to the death of the fungal cells.<br><br>It is commonly used in agricultural settings to control a wide range of fungal diseases, including powdery mildew, rust, and leaf spot.<br><br>However, it has also been detected in some waterways and has been found to be toxic to aquatic organisms. As a result, its use is regulated in some countries to minimize its impact on the environment.
Thiophene
Thiophene is a five-membered ring compound containing sulfur and two hydrogen atoms.<br><br>In organic chemistry, thiophene is an aromatic heterocycle, meaning it is a cyclic compound with hydrogen and a heteroatom (sulfur in this case). The molecular formula of thiophene is C4H4S.<br><br>Thiophene is isoelectronic with the benzene molecule (C6H6) and cyclobutadiene (C4H4), the name "thiophene" meaning "acid of sulfur" in Greek.
Thiophenic
Relating to thiophene, a type of five-membered ring compound consisting of four carbon atoms and one sulfur atom.
Thiophenol
Thiophenol is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula C6H5SH. It is an aromatic thiol, with a thiolo (-SH) group attached to a benzene ring.<br><br>In other words, thiophenol is a compound that contains a sulfur atom bonded to a carbon atom, which in turn is part of a benzene ring. It is a potent-smelling substance, often used as a precursor to other medications, agrochemicals, and industrial chemicals.<br><br>Thiophenol is a colorless or reddish oil at room temperature and has a pungent odor, often compared to garlic. It is soluble in most organic solvents and is moderately soluble in water.
Thiophilic
Thiophilic refers to an attraction or affinity for sulfur or sulfur-based compounds. It can also describe a chemical property or behavior related to sulfur. In general, thiophilic compounds tend to attract or bond with sulfur-containing molecules.