"Van Der Waals" Natural Recordings by Native Speakers
"Van der Waals" refers to a set of intermolecular forces that exist between atoms or molecules, named after Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals. These forces are responsible for the cohesion and adhesion of substances, playing a crucial role in phenomena like the surface tension of liquids, the adhesion of water to surfaces, and the condensation of gases into liquids. Van der Waals forces include attractions such as dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding.
1. The Van der Waals forces play a crucial role in the adhesion of certain gecko species to walls, allowing them to climb with ease.
2. In chemistry, the Van der Waals equation is used to calculate the pressure and volume of real gases, accounting for intermolecular attractions not considered in the ideal gas law.
3. The Van der Waals interactions between water molecules contribute to the high surface tension of liquid water, which is essential for various biological processes.
4. Graphene's unique properties, such as its high electrical conductivity, can be attributed to the strong Van der Waals bonding between carbon atoms in its two-dimensional structure.
5. The study of nanomaterials often involves understanding Van der Waals forces, as these weak attractions can significantly affect the stability and behavior of particles at the atomic and molecular scale.
"Ups and downs" refers to the fluctuating or alternating periods of good and bad times, success and failure, or happiness and sadness in one's life or a situation. It indicates the unpredictable nature of events and emotions that can change over time.
"Urbi et Orbi" is a Latin phrase that means "to the city and to the world." It is traditionally used to address or announce something to the entire city of Rome or to the whole world. This phrase is particularly associated with the Pope, who delivers his blessing "Urbi et Orbi" after his election and on certain solemn occasions.
"Urim and Thummim" refers to an ancient Hebrew method of divine communication or decision-making, used by the high priest of Israel. It was usually associated with two objects, kept in the breastplate of the high priest, which were used to receive divine guidance or confirmation for important matters. The exact nature and mechanism of these objects remain unclear, but they are often mentioned together in the Old Testament.
"Used to be" is a phrase that indicates something was true or happened in the past but is no longer the case now. It often implies a change or a difference from the present situation. For example, "I used to be a smoker, but I quit five years ago" means the person was a smoker at some point in the past but isn't one now.
"Uti possidetis juris" is a legal principle that, at the end of a conflict or the dissolution of a state, territories and other assets are distributed among the successor states or entities as they existed at the beginning of the conflict or at the time of dissolution. It basically means that what you possess, you keep, ensuring stability and preventing territorial disputes. This principle has been used in various historical contexts, particularly in the breakup of empires or colonies.
V.S. Naipaul was a Trinidadian-British novelist and essayist known for his works exploring cultural displacement, colonialism, and identity. His full name was Vidyanath Naipaul, and he won several literary awards, including the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2001.
"Vade retro satana" is a Latin phrase that translates to "Step back, Satan" or "Get behind me, Satan." It is often used as a form of warding off evil or negative influences, and it has religious connotations, particularly in the Christian tradition, where it is associated with Jesus Christ's words to Satan in the Bible (Matthew 4:10).
"Van der Waals" is a term named after Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals. In the context of physics and chemistry, it refers to the intermolecular forces that exist between atoms or molecules due to their temporary fluctuations in electron distribution. These forces are weaker than covalent bonds but play a significant role in phenomena like cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion. Van der Waals forces are particularly important in understanding the behavior of gases at low pressures and the properties of substances like liquids and solids.
Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. He led a naval expedition in 1497-1499,开辟了一条从欧洲到印度的新航线,这在航海史上具有重要意义。
"Veni, vidi, vici" is a Latin phrase that means "I came, I saw, I conquered." It was famously used by Julius Caesar to describe his swift victory over the Persian king Pharnaces II in 47 BC. The phrase represents the idea of achieving success quickly and decisively.
The Venus de Milo is an ancient Greek statue of the goddess Aphrodite (Venus to the Romans) that was carved in the 2nd century BC. It is famous for its beauty and the fact that it is missing both of its arms. The statue is named after the island of Milos (or Milo), where it was discovered in 1820. It is now displayed at the Louvre Museum in Paris, and it has become an iconic representation of classical art.
"Verba volant, scripta manent" is a Latin phrase that means "spoken words fly away, written words remain." It emphasizes the idea that written records are permanent and enduring, while spoken words can be easily forgotten or lost.
"Vin de pays" is a French term that refers to a type of wine. It translates to "country wine" in English. In the European Union's wine classification system, vin de pays is a category below "AOC" (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée) wines. These wines are made from specific grape varieties grown in designated regions but have less strict production rules than AOC wines. They generally offer a more affordable and approachable option for consumers.
"Vin de table" is a French term that refers to a type of everyday, low-quality wine. It translates to "table wine" in English and signifies a basic wine that does not meet the requirements for more specific appellation designations. In France, it is typically cheaper and has fewer regulations regarding its production compared to wines with controlled appellations.
Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch post-impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. He is known for his expressive, colorful paintings and his tragic personal life, which included mental health struggles and his untimely death by suicide. Some of his most famous works include "The Starry Night," "Sunflowers," and "Irises." Van Gogh's unique style and emotional depth have made him an enduring symbol of artistic genius.
"Viola da braccio" is an Italian term that refers to a stringed instrument played under the chin, like a violin or viola. It denotes the family of instruments that are held and played with the neck resting on the player's shoulder, as opposed to instruments like the viola da gamba, which is played between the legs. In modern times, the term is often used to describe the viola specifically, as it is the largest member of the violin family commonly played "da braccio."