Words related to "Chemistry"
Discover the correct pronunciation of "Chemistry" words by English native speakers.
Acesulfame
Acesulfame is a synthetic sweetener used as an alternative to sugar in food and beverages. It is about 200 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar) and provides no calories. It is commonly used in diet products and is generally recognized as safe by regulatory agencies.
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CHO or C2H4O. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent, unpleasant odor reminiscent of stale alcohol. It is a common intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol in the body and is also produced during the oxidation of ethanol. Acetaldehyde is used in various industrial processes, such as the production of plastics, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals, and it is also a known carcinogen.
Acetanilide
Acetanilide is a chemical compound with the formula C8H9NO. It is an organic compound and was once used as a pain reliever and fever reducer. However, due to its potential to cause harmful side effects, such as metabolic acidosis and hemolysis, it has been largely replaced by safer alternatives like aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen). Acetanilide is also an important precursor in the synthesis of other pharmaceuticals and dyes.
Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile is a chemical compound with the formula CH3CN. It is a colorless liquid with a slightly sweet odor and is used primarily as a solvent in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and electronics. It is also known as methyl cyanide or propanenitrile.
Acetophenone
Acetophenone is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5COCH3 or CH3COC6H5. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant, almond-like odor. It is used as a starting material in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and other chemicals. Acetophenone is also known as phenyl methyl ketone or ethyl benzene ketone. In perfumery, it serves as a fixative and adds a subtle fruity note to scents.
Acetyl
Acetyl refers to a chemical group or compound containing an acetyl group (CH3CO-). This group is derived from acetic acid and is commonly involved in various biochemical processes, such as the formation of acetylcholine in the nervous system or the attachment of acetyl groups to proteins, DNA, or other molecules, which can modify their function or regulate cellular processes. Acetyl is also significant in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids.
Acridine
Acridine is a chemical compound belonging to the class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds. It has a nitrogen-containing ring structure and is known for its fluorescent properties. Acridine and its derivatives are used in various applications, such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and fluorescent probes in scientific research.
Acrylate
Acrylate refers to a compound derived from acrylic acid, typically used in polymers and plastics. It can also refer to the ester formed when acrylic acid reacts with an alcohol, creating a type of resin or coating material commonly found in adhesives, paints, and textiles.
Acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile is a colorless, volatile, and flammable chemical compound used primarily as a monomer in the production of synthetic plastics, such as acrylics, nitrile rubber, and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) resin. It is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H3N, consisting of an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain with a cyano group attached to one of the carbon atoms. Acrylonitrile is often produced through the ammoxidation of propylene. Its properties include being water-soluble, having a pungent odor, and being toxic if ingested or inhaled.
Actinology
Actinology is the scientific study of radiation, particularly focusing on the effects of ultraviolet light on living organisms and materials. It involves researching the biological, medical, and physical aspects of radiation, including its interaction with skin, DNA, and other biological systems. The term is often used in the context of sun protection and understanding the impacts of sunlight on human health.
Acyl
"Acyl" refers to a functional group in chemistry that consists of a carbonyl group (a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom) attached to a hydrocarbon chain. It is often represented by the -CO- prefix in compounds, such as in acetyl (CH3CO-), which is an acyl group derived from acetic acid. Acyl groups are involved in various chemical reactions and are found in many organic compounds, including fatty acids, esters, and amino acids.
Acylation
Acylation refers to a chemical reaction in which an acyl group (consisting of a carbonyl group attached to a hydrocarbon chain) is transferred to a molecule, usually replacing a hydrogen atom on the substrate. This process is common in biochemistry and organic chemistry, and it can lead to the formation of various compounds, such as esters, amides, and acid derivatives. Acylation plays a crucial role in many biological processes, including protein modification and lipid metabolism.
Adipate
Adipate is a salt or ester of adipic acid. Adipic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C6H10O4. Adipate is often used in the production of certain biodegradable plastics, as well as in the manufacture of some pharmaceuticals and detergents.
Aerosol
An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas, such as air. Common examples include spray cans, fog, and mist. Aerosols can contain various substances like propellants, fragrances, medications, or pollutants. They play a role in atmospheric chemistry, climate, and human activities.
Aldehyde
Aldehyde is a type of organic compound characterized by a functional group called a carbonyl group, which consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). In an aldehyde, this carbonyl group is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom and one alkyl or aryl group. The general formula for an aldehyde is RCHO, where R represents the alkyl or aryl group. Common examples include formaldehyde (HCHO) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). Aldehydes are often used in various chemical reactions and are significant in fields such as perfumery, pharmaceuticals, and dye production.
Alizarin
Alizarin is a bright red to reddish-brown dye obtained from the root of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum) or produced synthetically. It is a common pigment in art, particularly in the Renaissance and Baroque periods, and was used to create a range of colors from pale pink to deep crimson.
Alizarine
Alizarine is a deep red or purplish-red dye derived from madder root, also known as alizarin. It was one of the first natural dyes to be synthesized chemically in the 19th century. The term is also used to refer to the compound responsible for the color, which is a type of anthraquinone. It has been historically used in textiles, art, and as a biological stain.
Alkalify
To alkalify means to make something more alkaline or to raise its pH level, making it less acidic and more basic. It involves increasing the concentration of alkali (bases) in a solution or substance.
Alkalinization
Alkaline is the opposite of acidic, so alkalinization refers to the process of making something more alkaline or increasing its pH level towards the basic end of the scale. It typically involves the addition of an alkali (a base) to neutralize acidity or counteract acidic substances. This can be important in various fields, such as chemistry, medicine, and agriculture.
Alkene
Alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one double bond between carbon atoms. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n, where n is the number of carbon atoms. Examples include ethene (C2H4) and propene (C3H6). Alkenes are important in chemistry as they can undergo various reactions, such as addition reactions, and are used in the production of plastics, synthetic rubber, and other chemicals.
Alkenes
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond (C=C). They belong to the group of organic compounds known as olefins. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n, where n is the number of carbon atoms. Examples of alkenes include ethene (C2H4), propene (C3H6), and butene (C4H8). These compounds are important in various industrial applications, such as the production of plastics, synthetic rubber, and other chemicals.
Alkoxide
An alkoxide is a type of organic compound that contains the alkoxo group, often represented by the formula RO-, where R is an alkyl group. In other words, an alkoxide is an ion formed by removing a proton from an alkyl alcohol. It is a strong base and is often used as a reactant in various chemical reactions, such as hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Alkoxides can be found naturally in some plants and animals, and they also have industrial applications in the production of certain materials.
Alkoxy
"Alkoxy" refers to a group in organic chemistry where an oxygen atom is bonded to an alkyl group (a chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached). The general formula for an alkoxy group is R-O-, where R represents the alkyl group. This group is also known as an alkyl ether, and when it's part of a compound, it can influence its properties and reactivity.
Alkyl
"Alkyl" refers to a group of atoms derived from an alkane, which is a saturated hydrocarbon. It consists of a carbon atom bonded to hydrogen atoms, with at least one hydrogen replaced by a hydrocarbon group. For example, a methyl group (CH3-) is an alkyl group derived from methane (CH4). Alkyl groups are commonly used in organic chemistry to describe and classify compounds.
Alkylation
Alkylation is a chemical reaction in which an alkyl group (a chain of carbon atoms) is added to another molecule. It is a type of substitution reaction, where a hydrogen atom in the molecule is replaced by an alkyl group. Alkylation is commonly used in organic synthesis to create new compounds and is an important reaction in the production of many organic chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, plastics, and fuels.
Allantoin
Allantoin is a chemical compound found in various plants and animals, as well as in some cosmetic and personal care products. It is known for its soothing, healing, and moisturizing properties, and is often used in skincare to promote skin cell regeneration and help alleviate irritations.
Allotropism
Allotropism refers to the property of an element to exist in different forms or structures, called allotropes, while still consisting of the same type of atoms. Each allotrope has distinct physical and chemical properties. For example, carbon has several allotropes like graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.
Allotropy
Allotropy refers to the property of certain elements to exist in two or more different forms with different physical and chemical properties, due to differences in their atomic arrangement or crystal structure. These different forms are called allotropes. For example, carbon has several allotropes such as graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.
Allylic
"Allylic" refers to a position in a molecule where a carbon atom is adjacent to a double bond, typically in an alkene (a hydrocarbon with at least one double bond). The term "allylic" is derived from "allyl," which is a three-carbon unit with a double bond. In chemistry, allylic positions are important because they can influence chemical reactivity and stability.
Aminosalicylates
Aminosalicylates are a class of medications used primarily in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. They contain derivatives of salicylic acid and are often administered in forms like mesalamine or sulfasalazine. These drugs help to reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, thus alleviating symptoms and potentially preventing flare-ups.
Ammonium
Ammonium is a positively charged ion (NH4+) formed when a nitrogen atom combines with four hydrogen atoms and acquires an extra electron. It is commonly found in various chemical compounds, such as fertilizers, and can also be present in natural sources like soil and water. In aqueous solutions, ammonium can react with bases to form ammonia (NH3) or with acids to form more complex ammonium salts.
Amphoteric
Amphoteric refers to something that can react with both acids and bases, often meaning that it can accept a proton (H+) from an acid or donate a proton to a base. Amphoteric substances, such as water (H2O), have a pH that can vary depending on the environment and may exhibit different properties depending on the molecules or ions present.
Anaerobic
Anaerobic refers to a type of cellular respiration or exercise that occurs in the absence of oxygen. It involves short, intense activities where energy is produced without the use of oxygen, leading to the buildup of lactic acid and rapid fatigue. In fitness, anaerobic exercises typically include high-intensity workouts like sprinting, weightlifting, or jumping, which cannot be sustained for long periods. In biology, anaerobic organisms are those that can survive and grow without oxygen.
Analogue
An analogue is something that is similar or comparable to another thing in certain respects, often used to illustrate a point or explain a concept. It can also refer to a device or system that operates on continuous signals, as opposed to digital, which uses discrete values. In a broader sense, "analogue" can denote a relationship or resemblance between two things that share similar characteristics or functions.
Anhydrides
Anhydrides are chemical compounds that contain an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms or acyl groups, but do not contain any water molecules (anhydrous). They are typically formed through the dehydration of a hydroxyl group (-OH) and are often used as intermediates in the production of other compounds, such as polymers and pharmaceuticals.
Anhydrous
Anhydrous means without water or devoid of water. It refers to a substance that is free from water or has had all its water content removed.