"Thermosphere" Natural Recordings by Native Speakers
The thermosphere is a layer of the atmosphere that extends from approximately 85 to 600 kilometers (53 to 373 miles) altitude. It is the fourth layer of the atmosphere, covering the mesosphere and stratosphere. The thermosphere is characterized by a significant increase in temperature with altitude, due to absorption of ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which causes ionization and excitation of atmospheric particles.
A thermosetting is a type of material that becomes fixed in shape and cannot be melted or reshaped once it has been formed. It is created when a polymer undergoes a chemical reaction that leads to the formation of a three-dimensional network of molecules, making it rigid and permanent. Thermosetting materials are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including plastics, resins, fibers, and adhesives, and are often used in production of electronic components, automotive parts, and construction materials. Examples of thermosetting materials include epoxy, polyesters, and polyurethanes.