"Expressives" Natural Recordings by Native Speakers
Expressives are a type of linguistic feature that convey emotions, attitudes, or feelings through speech. They are also known as "paralinguistic" features because they involve aspects of spoken language other than the actual words or grammatical structure.
Examples of expressives include:
Tone of voice: The pitch, inflection, volume, and rhythm of one's voice can all convey emotion.
Pitch range: Speaking in a high pitch can convey excitement or enthusiasm, while speaking in a low pitch can convey seriousness or authority.
Volume: Speaking loudly can convey strong emotions or emphasis, while speaking softly can convey subtlety or sensitivity.
Intonation: The way one phrases a sentence can convey a particular tone or attitude.
Rhythm: The pace and flow of one's speech can convey a sense of urgency or relaxation.
Pause: Pausing for emphasis can convey importance or dramatic effect.
Expressives can also include nonverbal elements like:
Facial expressions: Smiling, frowning, raised eyebrows, etc. can all convey emotions.
Hand gestures: using one's hands to emphasize or illustrate a point can convey confidence or enthusiasm.
Posture: Sitting up straight or leaning forward can convey engagement or interest.
Eye contact: Looking at someone directly can convey attention or attention-seeking behavior.