"Clausula Rebus Sic Stantibus" Natural Recordings by Native Speakers
"Clausula rebus sic stantibus" is a Latin phrase that translates to "things standing thus" or "with things as they stand." In legal and contractual contexts, it refers to a clause that allows for the modification or suspension of an agreement if there is a significant change in circumstances that was unforeseen when the contract was initially formed. This principle is also known as the doctrine of frustration, which relieves the parties from their obligations when the basis of the contract has been fundamentally altered.
1. The contract included a clausula rebus sic stantibus clause, allowing either party to revise the agreement if unforeseen circumstances significantly altered the situation.
2. Due to the global pandemic, the government invoked the clausula rebus sic stantibus principle to temporarily adjust lease agreements for small businesses affected by lockdowns.
3. The clausula rebus sic stantibus doctrine was key in the court's decision to relieve the contractor of penalty clauses, as the project was delayed due to exceptional weather conditions.
4. In international trade, the clausula rebus sic stantibus concept can be crucial when currency fluctuations drastically impact the terms of a previously agreed-upon contract.
5. The clausula rebus sic stantibus provision in the treaty allowed for renegotiation of certain obligations when unforeseen events, such as natural disasters, affected the signatories' ability to fulfill their commitments.
The term "Chretien de Troyes" refers to a medieval French poet and troubadour from the 12th century, whose real name was Guillaume de Troyes. He is known for his Arthurian romances, which significantly influenced the development of the Arthurian legend, especially the stories surrounding Lancelot and Guinevere. His works often showcased courtly love and chivalry as central themes in medieval literature.
"Cinco de Mayo" is a Spanish holiday that takes place on May 5th. It commemorates the Mexican victory over the French at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862. Although it is not Mexico's Independence Day, which is September 16th, it has become a popular cultural celebration in the United States and other countries with significant Mexican-American populations, featuring parades, food, music, and traditional dances like the Jarabe Tapatío (the Mexican Hat Dance).
"Cinq à sept" is a French phrase that refers to a social event or period of time between 5:00 PM and 7:00 PM, typically associated with cocktail parties or after-work gatherings. It can also be used to describe an informal after-work romantic rendezvous. In English, it can be translated as "five to seven."
"Cirque du Soleil" is a world-renowned entertainment company that originated in Quebec, Canada. It is known for its elaborate and artistic circus performances, combining elements of acrobatics, theater, music, and dance. "Cirque du Soleil" translates to "Circus of the Sun" in English.
"Citius, altius, fortius" is a Latin phrase that translates to "faster, higher, stronger" in English. It is often used to describe the spirit of competition and improvement, encouraging progress in various fields such as sports, academics, or personal development.
The City of London is the historic heart of London, England. It is a financial district and a borough recognized for its iconic landmarks such as St. Paul's Cathedral, the Tower of London, and the Bank of England. It was once a walled city and is considered the financial capital of the United Kingdom, housing major institutions like the Stock Exchange and numerous multinational banks. Despite being in the center of London, it has a separate legal status and governance.
The City of Westminster is an administrative area and borough in London, England. It is home to many iconic landmarks and attractions, such as Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, and the Houses of Parliament, which includes Big Ben. The area has a rich history and is considered the political heart of the United Kingdom.
The "clameur de haro" is an ancient legal remedy in Jersey and Guernsey, two Channel Islands in the English Channel. It is a Norman French term that translates to "cry of haro" or "hara." When someone invokes the clameur de haro, they are calling for immediate protection against an injustice or encroachment on their rights. By shouting "Haro!" or "Clameur de haro!" the person stops the action they consider unlawful, and a court hearing follows to determine the matter. This custom dates back to medieval times and is a unique aspect of the islands' legal system.
"Clear the air" means to resolve a misunderstanding or conflict by discussing and addressing the issues openly, often leading to improved communication and a fresh start.
The "clerk of works" is a professional responsible for overseeing and supervising construction projects to ensure compliance with plans, specifications, and building regulations. They act as the liaison between the contractor, architects, and clients, inspecting work progress and maintaining quality control.
"Cloak and dagger" is an idiomatic expression that refers to a secretive or mysterious atmosphere, as well as the use of subterfuge and stealth in situations involving espionage, diplomacy, or other covert activities. It implies that something is being done in a hidden or secretive manner, often using disguises or coded communication.
A coalition of the willing refers to a group of countries or parties that come together voluntarily to form an alliance, typically in support of a common goal or cause, often in international relations, especially during times of military intervention or humanitarian efforts. The term implies that these nations are united by shared interests or values, even if they may not include all nations involved in a particular issue.
A coat of arms is a distinctive symbol, typically consisting of a shield, helmet, and various emblems or insignia, that is used as an identifying mark or representation of a family, country, corporation, or individual. It often includes a motto and represents the history, values, or achievements of the bearer.
The phrase "cock a snook at" means to show disrespect or contempt for someone or something, often by making a mocking gesture with the thumb and index finger extended and the other fingers curled in, known as "the fig" or "the rude hand." It can also imply ignoring or disregarding something completely.
The phrase "cock and bull" refers to a story or explanation that is invented, exaggerated, or not true, often used to deceive or entertain. It comes from the old English terms for a rooster (cock) and a bull, which were known for their tendency to make loud, unfounded claims. So when someone says "that's just a cock and bull story," they mean it's a fabrication or a tall tale.
"Coco de mer" is a French term that translates to "sea coconut" in English. It refers to the largest species of seed pod produced by the coconut palm (Nipa fruticosa), which grows in tropical regions like the Caribbean and Pacific. These pods, due to their large size and unique appearance, have been associated with legends and folklore, although they are not true coconuts. The name is often used metaphorically or as a descriptive term for their exotic appeal.